Performance Based Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Execution Based Assessment - Essay Example This appraisal will concentrate on understudies from grade 2-12. The branch of knowledge will incorporate Mathematics and English and the quantity of understudies included will be 20, five of which will be ELLs. Broadly, individuals have the No Child Left Behind guideline that was marked into law in December, 2001. Nearby and state regions have different guidelines, and students need to take normalized assessments to choose if they are meeting those guidelines. Pretty much every state needs some sort of assessment (Kuhlman, 2002). In Florida, schools have the Florida's Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Individuals training English to understudies who communicate in different dialects look at that as a solitary measure on one sort of test can't exactly resound understudy learning. Government sanctioned tests decide, to an enormous degree, learners’ information on the English language. Along these lines, on the off chance that the learner’s level of comprehension is l ow, at that point the individual in question won't excel on the test but being at the correct evaluation level of their local language (Valdez and O'Malley, 2010). English Language Learners take 5 to 7 years to consider scholarly language that is frequently encapsulated as multifaceted, unique and substance explicit. It is recommended that educators settle on choices established in various measures and not trust in a solitary grade (Kuhlman, 2002). Individuals consider that various estimates offer an increasingly exact picture of what students perceive and what they should chip away at, that is their qualities and shortcomings. Henceforth, the objective of this arrangement is to make an exhibition based evaluation that will remember ELLs in addition to ordinary understudies for any study hall. Execution based evaluation involves the utilization of elective procedures, for example composing tests, portfolios, introductions, oral report and ventures among others (Stiggins, 2005). This makes it increasingly dependable since the devices contrast and the evaluation happens over some undefined time frame. It is indispensable when appraisal isn't done using various decision addresses exactly when there is regularly one right conceivable answer. Some core values for testing English Language Learners (ELLs) include: maintaining a strategic distance from troublesome inquiries; utilizing direct discourse in light of the fact that circuitous discourse befuddles non-propelled understudies; testing what is educated; differing the unpredictability level (go from simple to troublesome); furnishing students with clear guidelines; disclosing to the students, in simple language, what is required of them; monitoring social bias in making the test, just as in evaluating; giving examples and utilizing visuals to clarify bearings; giving kudos for what the student perceives; and allowing additional time than is normally allowed for local English speakers. It is, consistently, valuab le when working with language students to deliver a test-agenda that an individual can allude preceding managing a test (Kuhlman, 2002). Understudies will be required to sit in gatherings of four and one understudy must be an ELL. The exercise will run for 50 minutes for a three-day time frame. At the point when coordinated into the homeroom occasions, developmental appraisal awards data required to revise learning and instructing while they are as yet occurring (Stiggins, 2005). Developmental appraisal fills in as route for a student to check for comprehension all through the learning strategy. Developmental appraisals control instructors in settling on choices concerning future guidance (Valdez and O'Malley, 2010). Here are a few models, which may be utilized in

Interracial Dating Essay -- essays research papers

Numerous interracial couples are confronted with negative responses from society, making it difficult for them to have a standard relationship. They need to manage objection from their own race, critical responses from loved ones, and also the numbness of society in general. For what reason is interracial dating so disputable? Isn't prejudice a relic of past times, or is that what we might want to accept? Individuals who date and associate with individuals of various racial gatherings habitually experience negative responses. A large number of the disliking messages originate from individuals of their own racial gathering. They sneer and ridicule the possibility that they are dating somebody with an alternate tone of skin or ethnic foundation. As per a survey taken in 1992, numerous individuals accept that individuals should date inside their race to keep the solidarity inside the ethnic network. It resembles they have faith in sequestering each racial gathering. They accept that each race is particularly unique and ought not be incorporated. Blending races would just motivation issues. Presumably one of the most pernicious things in life is managing loved ones who are not strong of the individuals you genuinely like and love. One may think about what may make loved ones agitator against interracial dating. As clarified in Verna Stolkes’ book entitled Marriage, Class and Color in the nineteenth Century Cuba, numerous families may restrict the holding of their cherished one with somebody of another race as a result of political reasons, religio...

Order Research Paper - How to Write a Great Order Research Paper

Order Research Paper - How to Write a Great Order Research PaperResearch papers for college may look pretty simple at first, but you must know how to write them well to get the best out of your order research paper. Here are some tips for writing order research papers that will help you get the job done right.The first thing that you have to do is find out what is going to be covered in your own research paper. The field that you are going to study will go a long way in determining the type of research paper that you will need to write. For example, if you are planning to study the communication industry then you will be more than willing to spend more money on the research paper. If you are going to study the finance industry then you will be more than willing to spend less money. So, when you start searching for your paper, keep these two things in mind.When it comes to researching for your order research paper, you must ensure that you can write the entire paper in one sitting. Th is is because you can spend all day writing down every piece of information that you come across in the course of your research and then you can just add it up and have a huge pile of facts which you have to finish while on the bus to work. You need to remember that you don't have to spend a lot of time researching for your order research paper; you just need to ensure that you can write it in a short amount of time.The second thing that you have to know when it comes to writing an order research paper is to make sure that you are careful about adding in new facts. You have to make sure that you are not trying to hype up your study, as this will not look professional. It is also a good idea to avoid using too many highfalutin' words such as; 'It is interesting to note 'It is also quite remarkable to note.'The third thing that you have to know when writing an order research paper is to be really specific. You can write about the school where you are going to get your degree, but this will not do you any good unless you are able to be quite specific about the names of the schools. You have to make sure that you have complete details regarding the school, whether it is the college the university or the school.The fourth thing that you have to know when writing an order research paper is to never forget about the writing style. You have to be careful about this because you have to ensure that you can communicate your thoughts clearly. You also have to ensure that you don't use too many fancy words in your research paper, as this will just distract you from communicating the main point of your research paper.Lastly, you have to ensure that you do not make the mistake of plagiarizing when writing your order research paper. This is the biggest no-no in the entire world. Just remember that you have to write only your own stuff so that you can get the best out of your order research paper.After you have written the research paper properly, you can now move on to publis hing it. This can be done through posting it on the internet or you can even publish it through e-mail. The last thing that you have to do is to make sure that you are prepared for the future.

How to Identify Trees With Leaves

Would you like to learn how to identify trees in your local community? The best place to get started is by looking at the trees foliage.   Trees With Leaves This is a big category, so lets break it down into two main groups: Trees with needles or scale-like leaves.  Cedar and juniper trees have scale-like leaves that look more like flattened out fans than either leaves or needles.  Cedar  trees have green scales and small cones.  Junipers, on the other hand, have bluish, berry-like cones. Trees with leaves.  To make things simpler, we are once again going to break this category into two groups. Trees With Simple Leaves These trees have one leaf attached to each stem. Leaves with a consistent leaf edge are called unlobed leaves while trees with leaves that form shapes along their margins are called lobed leaves.  If your tree has unlobed leaves, you must next determine whether or not it has teeth - or serrations around its margin. Unlobed and smooth (no teeth).  Magnolia  have large, glossy green leaves with rust-colored hairs on the under-surface.  Live oaks  have long slender deciduous leaves and small acorns.  Dogwoods  have wavy edges and 6-7 veins that pattern either side of the leafs midrib. If your tree has leaves that are oblong or elliptical and appear crowded on short branches, it might be a  Blackgum.  And if its leaves are thick and pointed, it might be a  Persimmon.Unlobed and serrated.  Willow  trees have long skinny leaves.  Basswood  trees have wide leaves with coarse teeth and a notched area around the stem.  Elm  trees are asymmetrical at the stem and double serrations around the edge. If your trees leaves are soft and shiny with teeth that curve in from the surface, it is probably a  Beech.  If its leaves are heart-shaped with double serrations, it is likely a  Birch. And if it has elliptical leaves with jagged edges, it is probably a  Cherry.  Ã‚  Lob ed. If your tree had leaves with different lobe patterns on the same tree, it is probably a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Sassafrass  or a  Mulberry.  If the lobes seem to radiate from a central point like fingers on a hand, it is called palmate and it is a maple, sweetgum, sycamore, or poplar.  Maple  trees have three to four lobes and are arranged opposite of one another on the branch.  Sycamore  trees have big leaves that are larger than four inches with shallow lobes and alternating (not directly across from one another,) on the branch. Trees with star-shaped leaves with pointed lobes are likely  Sweetgums.  And leaves that look like they have been cut off or flattened at the top with two lobes on other side of the mid-rib are probably  Poplars. If the lobes appear to radiate from several points along the midrib, the leaves are considered pinnate and it is either an oak or a holly tree.  White Oak  trees have lobes that are rounded along the edges and no spines.  Red Oakà ‚  leaves are rounded at the base but jagged or spiny along the edges. And  Holly  trees have small red berries and leaves with sharp, pointed lobes. Trees With Compound Leaves Palmately compound leaves. Trees in this category have multiple leaves that appear to grow from the same point on the stalk.  Buckeye  trees have long leaves with jagged saw-toothed edges while Horsechestnut  trees have shiny nuts and seven leaflets that turn yellow in the fall.Pinnately compound leaves. Trees with that have pinnate compound leaves have leaflets that grow from multiple points along the stem. Leaves that appear doubly compound (leaflets within leaflets,) are likely  Locust  trees.  Hickory  trees have nine blades that are uneven in size and alternate along the stem.  Ash  trees have leaflets that are opposite from one another along the stem and are the same shape and size. Walnut  trees have 9-21 pointed leaflets that alternate along the stem.  And  Pecan trees have 11-17 curved, sickle-shaped leaflets that alternate along the stem.

Fitting And Living Up At Someone Else s Idea Of ``...

Baldwin p1 Bentley Baldwin Mrs. Scruggs English 3 8 December 2016 Fitting in and living up to someone else’s idea of â€Å"perfect† isn’t easy. The truth is that no matter what someone else does there will always be a flaw that sticks out to a bully. Bullying has been around for the longest time and probably will never go away. Children wake up scared to face another school day and adults dread having to deal with another work day, all because those are environments where bullying most often takes place. Bullying is a very serious problem in the world today and it goes unnoticed. Bullying isn’t just a face to face encounter. There are multiple types of bullying. Such as physical, verbal, social and cyber. Physical bullying involves any kind of force on another person, verbal bullying involves hurtful comments. Social bullying uses any relationship to hurt another person. Then there is cyber bullying which takes place over the internet or cellphone. Out of the four different types of bullying the most common form used is verbal. Studies have shown that more than 16,000 students are absent from school because they’re getting bullied and there is nothing done about it. Bullying is a very serious act. This lowers the vi ctim s self-esteem and leads to self harm and suicide attempts. Victims of bullying are 10% more likely to have health problems as they age. As a result of being bullied people turn to drugs, smoking, and alcohol to cope with their stress. Suicide is the 3rd leadingShow MoreRelatedWhy Do People Hit The Road On Christmas?2466 Words   |  10 PagesPeople hardly celebrate the New Year s Day now. To them it s just an additional Sunday because it feels like a weekend or something like that. Since Christmas is more attracting, then the new year s day will be absolutely knocked out? I know Christmas makes so much sense. But it sounds unfair to the new year s day, isn t it? There are so many important things that you can do. For example, you stay up to watch the clock striking and then go to bed or relish the thought of a brand new year, brandRead MorePhilosophy and Christian Theology8519 Words   |  35 Pageswere firmly grounded in a prior intellectual commitment to the underlying tru th of the Christian faith. Thus, the legitimacy of philosophy was derived from the legitimacy of the underlying faith commitments. Into the High Middle Ages, Augustine s views were widely defended. It was during this time however that St. Thomas Aquinas described another model for the relationship between philosophy and theology. According to the Thomistic model, philosophy and theology are distinct enterprises. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Billionaire Idea Thief 7200 Words   |  29 PagesTHE BILLIONAIRE IDEA THIEF Client Blurb Edric Zhango who goes by nickname Yoshi, isn?t your ordinary billionaire. He made his fortune from stealing other people?s ideas and calling them his own. And he thinks he?s hot shit for it. 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To doRead MoreQuestions On Writing An Essay Essay9089 Words   |  37 Pagesstill can t see to get an A on an essay. You have the basics of writing down, so what more can you do? Here are some more advanced advice to spice up your essays, and earn you that A! How to Write a College Essay: Address the Opposition Read any book about writing an essay, and you will be told to address the opposition. Acknowledging that your thesis can be argued may seem like it would hinder your essay, but it actually makes it stronger. When you leave the reader to come up with their ownRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesand bad. I also want to dedicate it to all the kids out there, those who feel different and don t fit in. Those who are seen for the wrong reasons. It s OK to be different. Continue being yourself. 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Why Dogs Make Good Pets - 838 Words

353 Listening Log Name: Joanne Wu Total time: 399 mins (Please delete this example when creating your own log.) Date: 5/11Time:20:5920:5920:5920:59Level:2 | Title: Source/Link: Source Time: | Vocabulary:NonverbalPowerfulPowerlessHormone | | Notes:The speaker talked about two different body languages, one is high power posed and the other one is low power posed. They showed totally different. For example, when we won the match, we automatically high our hands to show that we are happy. This posed is universal. On the other hand, when people felt sad, they will look at the low position. However, she also mentioned that the body language could change our mind. We can fake it and then become real through body language. She said it†¦show more content†¦She has her own three mathematically verifiable tips for love. The first one is: how to win at online dating. She said that there are lots of beautiful models in the world, but they are not really attractive. People can try to be attractive rather than being the prettiest or the most handsome people in the world. The second she mentioned is how to pick a perfect person. To imagine that you are finding for the right person to marry, and you would like to know which person you date is suitable to you. There is one theory can help us, called optimal stopping theory. For example, if you start dating when you are 15 years old, and you ideal marriage time is 35 years old, the math says that you should choose the person who is after 37 percent of your first dating windows. The last one is how to avoid divorce. According to the mathematics, there are some equations reflect the relationship between the couple. For example, what will happened when wife get angry before the husband get angry? I think these mathematics are really interesting, but I also believe that if we follow the love that god gave us, it will be the truth love. | | Date:Time:Level: | Title:Source/Link: Source Time: | Vocabulary: | | Notes: | | Date:Time:Level: | Title:Source/Link: Source Time: | Vocabulary: | | Notes: | |Show MoreRelatedEssay on Pets Can Change Any Person or Even Entire Families888 Words   |  4 Pagesaffection and happiness and just from that one little lick you get from your pet, your whole day turns around for the better. Pets can change any one person or a whole family for ever with everything they do every day. Pets give as they receive so if you shower them with love every day they will do the same for you. â€Å"Talk to someone about themselves and they’ll listen for hours† - Dale Carnegie. They are also very good listeners for the times when you need to vent or just talk about anything butRead MoreWhy Dog Make Better Pets Than Cats Comparison/Contrats Essay604 Words   |  3 PagesWhy Dogs Make Better Pets Than Cats. Dogs and cats are most pets that are seen with their owner. These two animals make good pets to have. Dogs are physical and fun animals that runs with a flock of their inheritance. Cats are feminine and spoil animals that like to have its way. When it comes down to choose the better pet, dogs are better pets than cats. Some pet owners think dog and cat food the same. Dogs have better food to eat because the type of dogs I like can eat some of the same foodRead MoreA Mans Best Friend Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesdefender, and your dog. You are his life, his love, and his leader. He will be yours, faithful, and true, to the last beat of his heart. You owe it to him to be worthy of such devotion.† –Unknown. 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Interface Usability Assignment

Question: Discuss the advantages of using the thermostat in the smart home heating control panel. Answer: Introduction: The assignment focuses on the advantages of using the thermostat in the smart home heating control panel. It increases the convenience of maintaining temperature of the room by sitting at one place. The interface design which is used in the control panel helps the user to control the room temperature in more efficient way. Working of the Interface Design: The design of the smart home heating control panel is divided into three elements which are categorized as boiler, thermostat device or control panel and the applications which are installed in the system for enhancing the user interface ability such as smart watch application, wearable device application, use of laptop or tablet etc. The implementation of this design helps the user to control the panel even sitting far from the device by using the remote for managing the settings of the control panel. The innovation in the traditional design was that now the control panel can sense the temperature of the room and scheduled itself according to the user requirement in case when the user is unavailable and heat the room at optimum temperature before the arrival of the user. Reason for Choosing the Design: The reason for choosing this design in the smart home heating control panel was that it has thermostat which is used for presetting the user requirement. The other feature which supports its implementation is the controlling of the settings for room temperature by making use of the smarts devices like smart watches, smart phones, laptops, tablets and etc. Enhancement in the User Requirement: The implementation of the thermostat in smart home heating device makes the device flexible in controlling the temperature of the room. The maintenance of the system does not do any harm which makes it more convenient for installation. It also helps in fulfilling the user requirement of saving power consumption and money. Factors which influence the design: The factors which influence the implementation of thermostat in the design of smart home heating control panel are managing to keep an on every activity in absence of the user. It reduces the consumption of power which in turn helps in saves money. For the proper management of the system, an email reporting system can be very helpful, proper analyzing of the usage can be done, by using the remote device the temperature can be controlled from any corner of the room, and also reduction in the human error by the implementation of the automatic on / off system and the he advanced feature of setting on the vacation mode help the system to stop for particular passage of time. Reason behind using the thermostat in smart home heating system: The traditional system was facing the problem of single cable which is being replaced by wireless connection, control system which can be set by any corner of the room which is implemented by using the remote system, saving of power, automatic on and off system for reducing the chance of human error and many more requirements of user and system. Similar Interface Devices: Scottish power connect, Honeywell Evo-home, heat genius, Hive and Nest smart thermostat and E-On touch are some of the system which helps in developing the interface design which fulfills all the requirement of the user. Why it is best solution: The features like user interface, sensor detection, storage for data and settings, interface provided for communication, control logic system which helps in detecting on and off condition for the system and lastly reduces the consumption of power supply which in turn helps in saving the money. References: Roche, M. (2012). Literature Review on Smart Home (1st ed.). Cheng, J. (2013). A Survey on Smart Home Networking (1st ed.). Canada.

Ralph Abernathy A leader of the Civil Rights Movement free essay sample

Being a prominent leader during the Civil Rights movement was a perilous position to occupy. Very few people have the guts to make themselves the face of a movement, and even fewer succeed at it. Ralph Abernathy was an American Civil Rights activist who advocated equality alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and many others. Ralph Abernathy strived to help establish a more equal and welcoming America for all. Abernathy went on a Journey to help change the way America is today and help create a more equal America for all, regardless of race or ethnicity. Ralph Abernathy began gaining the skills to be a leader at a young age, and exemplified those skills by leading multiple demonstrations. Ralph Abernathy was born on March 11, 1926, in Linden, Alabama. He was born into a time of social inequality and race segregation. Abernathy served in the United States Army during WWII and served as a platoon Sergeant, leading his own group of soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Abernathy: A leader of the Civil Rights Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After being discharged from the Army, he enrolled at Alabama State University (ASU). While attending ASU he began to notice how the university was segregated. He gained fame when he started his first demonstrations, protesting the lack of heat and hot water in his dormitory and the dreadful food served in the cafeteria. Later, in 1951, he was called to the Civil Rights Movement when he became the pastor of the First Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. As pastor he mentored Martin Luther King Jr. as a minister of a nearby church. They formed a close friendship that would carry on for the rest of their lives. Abernathy developed a leadership role from the start of his life which helped lead im into his role as one of the biggest Civil Rights advocates America had ever had. Abernathy organized, created, and lead multiple different protest and organizations to help the Civil Rights Movement. One of The biggest protests he organized was the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Abernathy organized it with the help of Martin Luther King Jr. and together they lead the biggest boycott of the whole Movement. It was decided that black people in Montgomery would refuse to use the buses until passengers were completely integrated (Simkin). This protest was his call to action and one of his main contributions to the movement. Another one of Abernathys main contributions to the Civil Rights Movement was that he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Martin Luther King Jr. was president of the organization and Abernathy was secretary treasurer. They worked together in helping to desegregate Am erica and teaching people how to stand up for themselves and protest non- violently. The biggest trial that Abernathy went through was when is church was sieged by white supremacists. 1,500 men and woman were surrounded and Abernathy was willing to give himself up to save the innocent people stuck in the church. Ultimately, he did not end up sacrificing himself, but this was also a test of his character. Over the next few years Abernathy was arrested nineteen times (Simkin). Abernathy proved himself to be a dedicated, powerful, and resourceful leader. As the Civil Rights Movement progressed, Abernathys role became a less dire. When Martin Luther King Jr. as assassinated, Abernathy took over the role as president ot the S LC Ralph Abernathy led daily demonstrations in May and June 1968, Just a month after Kings assassination (Kirkland). Some of the important last demonstrations he led were the: Poor Peoples March in Washington D. C. in May, 1968, Atlanta sanitation workers strike in 1968, and lastly the Charleston Hospital workers strike in 1969. Abernathy retired his position as president of the SCLC in 1977. He then ran for a spot in the Georgia Congressional Seat. He was nsuccessful in the running yet continued advocating peace until his retirement. Abernathys Journey came to an end and he retired his title as a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. To conclude, Ralph Abernathy was a dedicated Civil Rights Activist who advocated equality and Justice for all. Alongside many others, he accomplished impressive feats that once seemed unreachable. He went on a Journey towards helping America become a more equal country. He was tested to his limits and proved himself to be a worthy, dedicated, and powerful leader.

How To Use The Best Content Types To Reach Your Audience

How To Use The Best Content Types To Reach Your Audience When I go shopping, nothing frustrates me more than a â€Å"one size fits all† label. It never does. At least the â€Å"one size fits most† is a bit more honest, but still. The caps are too small, the gloves too long, the flip-flops are a travel hazard. Just no. Yet content marketers apply the dreaded â€Å"one size fits all† label to pretty much all that they make. It’s tough to get away from that if you don’t have a team of people helping you create all kinds of â€Å"sizes† of content. Solo bloggers are working hard enough just trying to blog, much less make content in a variety of forms. So let’s take a two-pronged approach: understanding the core content types, and understanding how people learn. With the launch of s new ability to not only plan your blog and social media content, but  now a lot more content types using your all-in-one marketing calendar, now is a great time to learn all about this. Let’s take a look at the most effective content types, and then figure out which â€Å"size† fits your audience the best. How To Connect The Best Content Types With Your Readers Learning Styles via @JulieNeidlinger The Most Effective Content Types Defining content types is not easy. Some content marketers use the phrase to talk about way a piece of content is written, while others use the phrase to talk about the format the content takes. In this post, I’m working with the latter approach, breaking it down to the four content types: graphics, video, downloads, and articles. 1. Visual graphics. Bold truth:  Even if you’re not a die-hard visual learner...visuals still work on you. Even if for no other reason than it’s easier to watch and feel than read and decipher. Most people would rather watch the movie than read the book. Whether it’s a meme, photo, illustration or infographic, the data is clear: Our brains love visuals. So for this reason, and the fact that social networks have all built themselves to handle images, visuals are the top content type. You could make a brand viable on visuals alone (e.g. Pinterest, Instagram). Must Read: How To Make The Best Blog Graphics For Non-Designers How To Design The Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools And Design Theory 2. Videos. Videos may be  a tough content type to get you or the team excited about, because they aren’t that easy to make. A poorly made video is dangerously close to being worse than having no video at all. And yet, despite all of you fellow wordsmiths out there (like me) who love the written word more than anything, the stats in support of video are pretty hard to argue: Videos increase people’s understanding of your product or service by 74%. YouTube is the number two search engine in the world. A third of all online activity is spent watching video. The average Internet user is exposed to an average of 32.2 videos in a  month. Every day, 100 million Internet users watch an online video. 50% of users watch business-related videos on YouTube once a week. 75% of users visit the marketer’s website after viewing a video. 75% of executives watch work-related videos on business websites at least once a week. An average user spends 16 minutes and 49 seconds watching online video ads every month. 80% of Internet users remember the video ads they watch online. That’s just 10  of 25 mind-blowing stats from Digital Sherpa about video potential that will either make you cry if you’re unprepared for video creation, or jumpstart your interest if you’ve let them lag a bit. Must Read: 5 Different Content Types That Will Help You Save Time Blogging (check out the section on making videos) 3. Ebooks and downloads. Ebooks (and other free downloads) are that beloved carrot that we use to collect email addresses for our ever-growing email list. The ebook is the portable piece of content that the reader can take with them when they aren’t on your blog. Readers who are also content marketers are always building their own library of resources because, let’s face it, we’re all in a bit of a desperate race to find something to write and talk about every day. As I said before, everything is derivative, and that’s OK. Ebooks are popular for people looking for inspiration for their own content. But ebooks are also popular for people who just like to...read. I’d encourage you to make your ebooks available beyond just your email sign up or landing page. Consider putting them where people go to buy and download ebooks for ebooks sake (i.e. Amazon, iTunes, Scribd, etc.). Most content marketers are sold on ebooks as a carrot for growing the email list, but they aren’t thinking beyond the realm of their own site. Ebooks can get your brand out there just like a best-selling author. Must Read: 17 Apps To Help You Make Ebooks That Get Noticed 4. Articles. Articles are blog posts, long social media posts, interviews- anything that is longer, written content found on your content properties. These are the pieces of content that bring people to your website, the search engine honeypot. Like visual content, articles have a wide range of approaches. They might be short form, long form, lists, narrative, outline, interview- the only limits on what you create with the article content type is what limits you as a writer, and where you will be publishing. Must Read: 10 Easy Blog Post Ideas To Fill Your Editorial Calendar It Matters How Your Audience Learns We all learn differently. That’s why that one-size-fits-all approach fails. Some of us want to hear, some of us want to read, some of us want a picture- we’re looking for a different hook. How we learn plays into how your audience prefers to consume content, and ultimately, if they will remember it. Understanding how readers learn will help you find the most effective content types to get your brand’s story to resonate. The seven learning styles are generally thought to be visual, aural, verbal, physical, logical, social, and solitary. Some of these don’t directly apply to the content you’ll be creating, so let’s package them up into something a bit more portable than a list of seven. Test different content types to discover how your audience learns. Build on that understanding.1. Visual learners. Visual learning is known as spatial learning. Visual learners need to see your data, your theory, or your story spelled out in imagery. They want to associate feelings with the photos you provide. They will remember an article better because of the graphic that topped it. Visual learners like whiteboards. They prefer to diagram and map out the idea they are discussing, because they see things as spatial and related. The are pleased when they see Venn diagrams or flowcharts. They brainstorm with mind maps. Content types that work well include: Infographics Videos (videos, along with podcasts, can also tap into the aural aspect of learning for those who prefer to listen to content). Maps Timelines Charts and graphs Photos and illustrations Slide decks Memes 2. Number crunchers. Number crunchers are logical beasts, preferring that you provide them with facts and data and let them draw their own conclusions. They are quick to pick out patterns and form connections between data. They love content that provides a systematic way to solve a problem that they can apply in their own situation. They like organization, lists, tied up conclusions, and the use of words like â€Å"template† or â€Å"data-driven solution† are an immediate attraction. Content types that work well include: Charts and graphs Infographics Case studies Webinars Sharing behind-the-scenes data (e.g. A/B test results) Research Guides White papers 3. Text lovers. Some of us love the written word. Sure, we love a helpful graphic or chart now and then to assist in visualizing some concept, but word pictures do a better job than actual pictures will, in the long run. A great metaphor or simile, or the perfect analogy- those kinds of word pictures will help us understand your brand much better than a pie chart. The trick here, of course, is that many content marketers love to express themselves verbally (that’s why they blog), but their audience may not always learn verbally. Content types that work well include: Long-form blog posts Ebooks White papers Guides Slide decks with words Story and narrative Serial content Graphics with words 4. Social learners. Some people learn best when there are other people involved. They want to surround themselves with a group, thriving off of feedback. This is the social learner. The social learner is especially fond of linking and name-dropping, and it makes sense that these learners are drawn to content marketing. Why? Content marketers rely heavily on each other. They write blog posts and share content that others have created, quoting and referencing the findings and ideas put forth by others. It is very much a group activity, which helps your brand. When your brand story is told secondhand, it gains authority in a kind of second generation format. It is given validity not only because you wrote it, but because someone else believed it enough to share or base their own content on it. Social learners receive curated and ultra-linked or ultra-discussed content well- anything that makes people a part of the content. Content types that work well include: Interviews Case studies Webinars List posts (collected links, resources, quotes, or responses to a singular question) Surveys Opinions (inspires discussion!) User-generated content (e.g. #CoChat) The Perfect Mix: Content Types And Learning Styles So how do we wrap this up, this crazy mix of content types and learning styles? No single audience is going to be made up of just one type of learning style. There are going to be many preferences at work, sometimes a mix of more than one. Here's how to connect different content types with different learning styles. #contentmarketing1. Content types are flexible. When you compare the lists in each learning style with the list of the most popular content types, you see some of those types popping up in multiple learning styles. There is no one content type reserved for one particular learning style. That’s a relief. 2. Content starts small and branches out. What you don’t do is create a single piece of content and load it up with everything for every learning type. That won’t work for anyone. The best approach is to think of your content as if it were a flower seed, with the potential to have various stages until full bloom. Let’s say that the seed is like a blog post. It is your base content. You will probably add fertilizer to that seed by including visual images in it, because even if people don’t learn visually, they appreciate a picture or two (remember, visual content is #1). The seed gets watered when you share it on social media. At that point, it starts to grow in the direction of the sun (your audience). The stem branches out from that original seed- maybe you create an infographic and share it. Maybe you create an ebook, and then create a video and podcast after that. Whatever the case, the content isn’t just a blog post anymore. It became more. The flower and stem aren’t literally packed into the seed. It comes later. In other words, your base content grows in the direction of your audience. Whatever they want, you create the content type to fit. This sounds familiar, hopefully. This is about repurposing your content, a concept we have often prodded readers to try. Because it really is important. Must Read: 50+ Places To Repurpose Your Content Make sure to download your free content types template to get started. And check out the new features in to help you plan all of your  content types in one place.

Explicating two poems - compare and contrast Essay

Explicating two poems - compare and contrast - Essay Example The two poems are on the subject of childhood with reference to the innocence that is conceded by children in their very hearts as well as wholesomeness of their passions or zeal. The poems moreover depict childhood of the poets and how they experience evocative feelings concerning the preeminent time of their lives which had enormous possibilities but which have become precedent already. Mutually, the poems characterize delight and recollections of childhood. The disparity between these two poems is that Mitchell’s poem is incredibly optimistic, has its core focus on celebrating children. Riley’s poem, on the other hand, upholds its concern on the poet’s own childhood experience. Mitchell’s poem; â€Å"The Love will Start with a Word about Children† encompass straightforward words that illustrate that children have continual potentials as pure and innocent beings. Mitchell articulates her outlook as regards small kids in a reasonably incredible approach. She has used simple defined word, which is continent, to symbolically stand for children. She considers that just like a continent can have many nations and look forward to a lot of development in its life, the children also have endless possibilities in life. We on no account know what a child will be able to explore. She has especially and confidently expressed the responsibility of parents in helping their kids to explore the world. They get to be ac quainted with themselves and their roots through their parents. She believes that after some time, these children will grow up and will advance or promote matching acquaintance and aptitude to their children. Riley in â€Å"The Child-World† has conferred the world of children according to his personal experience. The poet has given the impression of his own home, his street and Indiana of his own childhood. In addition he argues

Alexander Wendt The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Essay

Alexander Wendt The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations - Essay Example Initially, Wendt believed on Marxism, as a way of understanding international politics and capital, but later turned to constructivist theory. According to Wendt (1999, 110), in the Agent-Structure theory of international relations, states in international relations act: out of the need to make own free choices and independently; and out of consistent patterned structures which fundamentally shape state choices and opportunities. This discussion therefore seeks to discuss Wendt’s theory and is therefore divided into four sections as shown below: Wendt’s central argument How Wendt’s argument differs from neo-realism and world-systems theory Whether Wendt’s ‘solution’ to the agent-structure problem is the only one available or not Whether Wendt’s ‘solution’ compelling or not Alexander E. Wendt (b. 1958, Mainz, W. Germany) is a political scientist and a core constructivist scholar in the field of international relations. Toget her with scholars such as Peter Katzenstein, Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore, Wendt established constructivism as a school of thought. Wendt has taught Yale University (1989-1997), Dartmouth College (1997-1999), University of Chicago (1999-2004) and Ohio State University, where he currently serves as the Ralph D. Mershon Professor of International Security. Wendt wrote the Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations in 1987. ... state interests and identities and that because of this, many scholars fail to consider how first and second factors affect state interests and identity. Wendt also points out the failure of neoliberalism as being steeped in the fact that it seeks to explain interstate cooperation by only focusing on the process, while leaving out systematic variables. Constructivism fails to address how state identities are formed in practice (Clarke, 2003, 122). Nevertheless, Wendt ties the constructivist approach to the concept of self-help. This is because, international institutions (as self-help agents) may change identities and interests of states. The concept of self-help as is viewed by realists and himself emanates from the interaction of the units in a system in lieu of anarchy. This stands diametrically opposed to structural and deterministic documents which realists advance, and in which anarchy exists as the principal explanatory variable which drives interactions. Wendt also posits tha t states interact with one another, and depending on the results of the interaction, these states can come to be characaterised by self-help. Whatever is accrued depends on the process and not the structure (Fay, 1996, 75 and Fuller, 1998, 98-112). Klotz, Lynch and Dunn (2006, 355 – 381) observe that according to Wendt, unlike norms-based constructivism, neorealism and neoliberalism cannot give an adequate account for changes which take place in international systems. For instance, neorealism and neoliberalism cannot account for the manner in which states behave at their pristine periods, before they acquire any priors. Koran (2007, 324 – 326) and Nishimura (2011, 96 – 112) charge that Wendt identifies sovereignty, evolution of cooperation and intentional efforts to change egoistic

International Globalization Marketing Plan of Batik Essay Example for Free

International Globalization Marketing Plan of Batik Essay Our mission is to establish a Global Batik Boutique industry with world-class quality in fashion design to support corporate clients and stylist society of upper market. We would like to be known as an industry driven by social values. We strive to be a â€Å"Choice of Retailer† in developing long-term Batik business relationships with our customers, which are founded on our ability to help identify the style-fashion and recommend the best wares and look’s for our customers. We strive for continuous improvement in providing â€Å"New Design† and â€Å"Good Quality† materials selection through a â€Å"Right-on-Time † fashion delivery. Batek Empat Kawan Sdn Bhd need to grow their revenue by exporting Batik products and expanding into new markets segmentation. With faster communication, transportation and financial flows, the company is planning penetrate into United Kingdom Consumer market on establishment of Batik made garment products . 1. 0 Company Background Batek Empat Kawan Sdn Bhd (BEK Sdn Bhd ) is a Malaysian owned company, a batik fashion and boutique consulting firm head quarters in Cyberjaya, Malaysia, specializing in all kind of batik design garment products. BEK Sdn Bhd incorporated in 2001, has an Sales Office and Manufacturing plant at Kajang.

The Dirty South :: essays research papers

The Dirty South During the times of the Civil Rights Movement the black communities of Birmingham, Alabama suffered severely due to the notorious acts of racism geared towards them simply because they were black. They boldly endured beatings, lynching, bombings, and demeaning treatment from the white community and especially from the Clan. The September 15, 1963 racially motivated bombing of the Birmingham’s Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, which resulted in the deaths of four innocent black girls, was one of the darkest moments of the Civil Rights Movement and perhaps one of the darkest days in Birmingham, Alabama’s history. Betty Blackman was born and raised in Birmingham. Her life was engulfed by the racism and left her with dramatically scaring memories of Birmingham.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grew up in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. I was born there December 11, 1947. Most of the memories I have of growing up there are the most painful memories that I have, which is strong racism and living in every day fright. I remember not being able to drink out of the cleaner water fountains around town; they were for the white people. The water fountains that were available to us were few, far between and very filthy. The black people were treated like dogs in Birmingham. I remember having to enter of the all stores and restaurants in town through the back entrances. One place I remember so vividly was a restaurant called Stadium Grill. We ordered food there every week while we were doing the wash across the street at the Laundromat. We enter in the back door into a very tiny poorly lit room. There were no tables or chairs for us to sit and eat there, it wasn’t allowed. There was only a small window to which we placed our orders and left. The front of the restaurant was large; it had tables with real cloth coverings and beautiful flowers sitting in the middle of the tables. I never once stepped foot inside the front of that restaurant. The way our communities were much different than they are now. Black people were not allowed to live among the white people. The white people lived in big lavish homes on the far east side of town and the blacks lived on the west side of town in small run down homes. There was, however, one subdivision that the wealthier black families lived. The name of it was the Goldwire Area and even now it never compares to the homes in which the poverty stricken families live now. The Dirty South :: essays research papers The Dirty South During the times of the Civil Rights Movement the black communities of Birmingham, Alabama suffered severely due to the notorious acts of racism geared towards them simply because they were black. They boldly endured beatings, lynching, bombings, and demeaning treatment from the white community and especially from the Clan. The September 15, 1963 racially motivated bombing of the Birmingham’s Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, which resulted in the deaths of four innocent black girls, was one of the darkest moments of the Civil Rights Movement and perhaps one of the darkest days in Birmingham, Alabama’s history. Betty Blackman was born and raised in Birmingham. Her life was engulfed by the racism and left her with dramatically scaring memories of Birmingham.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grew up in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. I was born there December 11, 1947. Most of the memories I have of growing up there are the most painful memories that I have, which is strong racism and living in every day fright. I remember not being able to drink out of the cleaner water fountains around town; they were for the white people. The water fountains that were available to us were few, far between and very filthy. The black people were treated like dogs in Birmingham. I remember having to enter of the all stores and restaurants in town through the back entrances. One place I remember so vividly was a restaurant called Stadium Grill. We ordered food there every week while we were doing the wash across the street at the Laundromat. We enter in the back door into a very tiny poorly lit room. There were no tables or chairs for us to sit and eat there, it wasn’t allowed. There was only a small window to which we placed our orders and left. The front of the restaurant was large; it had tables with real cloth coverings and beautiful flowers sitting in the middle of the tables. I never once stepped foot inside the front of that restaurant. The way our communities were much different than they are now. Black people were not allowed to live among the white people. The white people lived in big lavish homes on the far east side of town and the blacks lived on the west side of town in small run down homes. There was, however, one subdivision that the wealthier black families lived. The name of it was the Goldwire Area and even now it never compares to the homes in which the poverty stricken families live now.

An Assessment of the Impact of Mortgage and Non-Mortgage Loans

Toby Clark a senior financial analyst in MINTEL comments â€Å"There is a major need for financial education and for a drive to prompt borrowers to take a fresh look at their debts. Without a detailed understanding of exactly how much they owe and what rates they are paying, it is easy to see how the situation could spiral out of control†. This statement clearly highlights the position of the average British consumers as far as their mortgage and non-mortgage debts are concerned.It is observed by the report from MINTEL that the British consumers who have outstanding mortgage debts have a better control on the amount of their outstanding than the non-mortgage debt consumers. When the mortgage holders were asked to estimate the amount of the outstanding loan they could estimate the figure at ? 92,200 which matched with the estimation of ? 95,000 made by Bank of England and mortgage lenders. There are different purposes for which the consumers obtain mortgage and non-mortgage loa ns.The purposes also differ between different income earners. The high income earners borrow for paying a house, buying a second home or for paying the university or school fees of their children. Whereas the low income earners have totally different purposes of taking the loans like bringing up their children; paying their tax bills or meeting their regular commitments. Irrespective of the purpose for which the loans are taken the loans do have an impact on the financial soundness of the borrowers.On few occasions and for few consumers the loans become handy to take care of their financial struggle but in most of the cases the loans have had adverse impact only on the lives and finances of the consumers. Especially when the average consumer does not even know the extent of their debts the impact would be still worse. â€Å"Many debt problems are caused by poor decision making, with taking on more debt to pay back what debt you already have not always a wise move, according to the free and impartial debt advice organisation Debt Free Direct.† (Linkroll) In most of the cases the consumers get in to debt traps either due to poor decision making or not being accurately able to assess the impact the debts have on their financial capabilities and standing. This includes the decisions of debt consolidation. Quite often consumers think that debt consolidation is the best solution for solving their debt problems which will only aggravate the burden to the already debt trapped consumers. The loan burden on the borrowers is made to increase by the actions of the lenders also.Luring the customers in tot taking additional loans with the intention of just increasing their lending activities and without assessing the capabilities of the borrowers to pay back the loans often take the borrowers to a point of no return. â€Å"A number of Britons report that their debt problems are causing them difficulties in other areas of their life, according to a new study. In rese arch carried out by R3 – the Association of Business Recovery Professionals – one out of six consumers are said to be unable to manage with repayments on secured loans and credit cards†. (Loan Arrangers)With this background I intend to make an analytical study of the British Loan Market and its impact on the average British consumers. In the process I also intend to study the kinds of mortgage and non-mortgage loans available to the consumers in the UK. 1. 1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES This study has among other things the following central objectives: 1. Studying the psychological and economical reasons for the British consumers getting in to the debt trap. 2. Analytical study of the impact of the various loans on the lives and financial wellbeing of the average consumers – including mortgage and non-mortgage loans.3. Studying the role of the banks and other lending institutions on extending the debt burden of the average British consumer 1. 2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS This study by undertaking a detailed research in the subject tries to find plausible answers for the following research questions: 1. What are the prime reasons that make the British consumers to get into the debt trap? 2. What are the major impacts that the mortgage and non-mortgage loans have on the lives of the average British consumers? 3. What are the different ways that an average British consumer can manage the debts effectively? 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION In order to present a comprehensive paper I intend to divide the paper into the different chapters. While chapter 1 introduces the subject matter of the study to the readers along with stating the research objectives and questions, chapter 2 makes a detailed review of the available literature on the subject of the impact of debts on the British consumer. Chapter 3 makes a detailed presentation of the research methodology adopted by this study for conducting the research. In chapter 4 I have included the findings of t he research and a detailed discussion on the analysis of the findings.Concluding remarks recapitulating the issues discussed in the paper and few suggestions which will enable the British consumer to manage his debts are included in the chapter 5. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW CAPM, Bonds, Securities, Economics, Finance This chapter presents a detailed review of the available literature on the debt creation by the British consumers and the impact of such debt creation on the bond and securities market, on the finance and monetary policy and economic situation of the country apart from the life styles and financial status of the individual consumers. 2.1 IMPACT OF DEBT CREATION ON BOND AND SECURITIES MARKET: A latest report from Bloomberg. com says â€Å"European 10-year bond yields held near a three-month low as an Australian hedge fund filed for bankruptcy protection on losses related to a slump in U. S. home loans, prompting speculation global economic expansion will slow. † (Lukanyo Mnyanda, 2007) There has been a widespread skepticism about the future of the bond market because of the higher levels of failure in the sub prime mortgage repayments. This phenomenon has also been felt in the UK which is evident from the statement of the credit rating firm Standard & Poor.â€Å"Standard & Poor's said business conditions for securities firms are worse than in the second half of 1998 when trading revenue slumped 31 percent after Russia's debt default. Revenue from investment banking and trading could fall 47 percent in the final six months of this year, the ratings company said. † (Lukanyo Mnyanda, 2007) 2. 1. 1USE OF OPTIMIZING MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSUMER DEBT: On the basis of micro economic foundations there are certain models that analyse the likely economic consequences of structural changes in the economy.Though in general these models help the analysts to comment upon microeconomic foundations, sometimes these models are found inappropriat e for analyzing such consequences. â€Å"This is because their parameters are generally complicated functions of an economy’s technology, institutions and government policy, and the preferences of economic agents. Subsequent changes in any of these structural characteristics would mean that those parameters, and hence the relationships between key economic variables, would be expected to change. † (Bank of England)However the optimizing models enable the analysis of the deep structural relationship which is dependent upon the individual variables in relation to the economic shocks and their identification. The optimizing models â€Å"describe the intertemporal optimisation problems facing economic agents. They often try to capture the interactions between the different types of agent in the economy (consumers, firms, government, foreign sector), each of which is assumed to solve well-defined dynamic optimisation problems, subject to certain informational and technolog ical constraints.These models can be used to analyse how economic agents might optimally respond to various demand and supply shocks that have or might hit the economy, or to changes in the structure of the economy. Equally, they can be used to examine likely explanations for observed patterns of behaviour in the data. † (Bank of England) These models are useful in †¢ Modeling consumer behaviour including consumer spending †¢ Applications to financial markets †¢ Analysis of the labour market †¢ Analysis of the role of money One of such models being widely used is the CAPM which can provide useful insights into the reasons behind the financial market changes.However there is a serious limitation of this model is that it does not perform well in the empirical tests. 2. 2 IMPLICATION OF THE RISE ON THE HOUSEHOLD DEBT ON THE MONETARY POLICY: It is observed that the increase in the household debt in the UK over the last three decades was the result of the contin ued increase in the owner-occupied buildings and the number of mortgages created as a proportion of the total households. The rise in the prices till the time of the sub prime mortgage issue was also because of this increased private ownership of the houses.However it is interesting to note that the increase in the household debt didn’t have much impact on the consumption growth. This was due to the fact that the households were focused on the accumulation of financial assets during the recent past. â€Å"Finally, while it is possible that higher levels of debt may make household consumption more sensitive to interest rate changes, this may easily be offset simply by moderating these same changes. † (Stephen Nickell) While there was some contraction in the economies of US and Germany, the UK economy remained strong during the year 2001.There was a significant relaxation in the monetary policies of the country during this period and hence the UK economy witnessed an inc rease in the domestic demand though the situation was different with the world economy which was weak and was suffering a fall in investments. The increase in the domestic demand made the overall growth rate of the economy positive. However some of the economists were of the view that such a growth in the UK GDP as against the widespread recession in other developed countries was possible only at certain implied costs.For Example in an article in ‘The Observer’ dated 27th March 2005 Fred Harrison noted that â€Å"Encouraged by low interest rates, people went on a spending spree. They reduced savings and extracted equity from their homes to fuel a consumption boom† A similar view was expressed by Hamish McRae in his article in the ‘The Independent’ stated â€Å"What is, however, clear is that the credit-fuelled spending boom is, one way or another, coming to an end†. (The Independent dated 16th March 2005). Hence it was observed that booming co nsumption resulted in a rapid expansion of debt.Thus there has been a significant increase in the debt to income ratio which was a matter of serious concern to the analysts and the financial economists. In this context Philip Thornton made the following remark in the ‘The Independent’ issue dated 30th July 2003 â€Å"Britons piled on an all-time record amount of debt last month, triggering fears that consumers have embarked on an unsustainable borrowing binge that will end in a crash reminiscent of the early 1990s† 2. 2. 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME, CONSUMPTION AND HOUSEHOLD DEBTS:Generally it is assumed that the macroeconomic policies of the UK government had resulted in a house price bubble coupled with a boom of the consumer spending. Thus the economy got missed out from the impact of the global recessionary trends. However Stephen Nickell argues that over the period 2000 to 2003 which was supposed to be the consumption boom the average quarterly consumption growth was only 0. 77 percent very similar to the average consumption rate of 0. 72 percent that was existed over the last twenty five years.The consumption rate was also below the average consumption rate in the previous period 0f 1996 to 1999. â€Å"From 1998 to the end of 2003, the proportion of post-tax income that was consumed was relatively flat, hardly evidence of a debt fuelled consumption boom. Nevertheless, mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW) plus unsecured credit growth rose from around 2% of post-tax household income in 1998 to over 10% in 2003. So there was indeed a significant rise in the rate of household debt accumulation from 1998 to 2003 despite the fact that the ratio of consumption to post-tax income remained stable throughout.† (Stephen Nickell) With this argument the author proceeds to state the majority of mortgage equity withdrawal leads to increased financial assets accumulation and not to increased consumption. Further it is also argued that there is a strong relationship between the aggregate secured debt accumulation and aggregate financial asset accumulation especially in a period of rapidly spiraling house prices. Similarly there is no strong relationship between the factors of aggregate consumption growth and debt accumulation. In that case the following will be the effect of the household debt on the monetary policy.2. 2. 2 HIGHER LEVELS OF DEBT AND MONETARY POLICY: May et al (2004) observed â€Å"In 1975, household debt was around 38% of household post-tax income. By 2004, this had risen to around 125%. Currently, over four-fifths of household debt is secured on property, ie. consists of mortgages, and around 95% of all household debt is held by mortgagors. † As already stated the important factor causing the rise in the household debt was the increase in the number of owner-occupied buildings and the proportion of the houses carrying a mortgage.Another factor that contributed the increase in secured debts is the ch ange in the mode of financing by leaving the front end loading of the repayment of mortgages. Such a method of financing has lead to higher loan to income ratios. It also resulted in higher mortgages relative to income. Based on these basic premise there are three arguments that can be support the view that the household debt is a predominant factor in the determination of the monetary policies. 1. The first argument is based on the concept that the there will be significant impact on the bahaviour of the economy due to shocks if there is a high level of household debts.As observed by Griffiths commission â€Å"Debt is a time-bomb which could be triggered by any number of shocks to the economy at any time† (The Griffiths’ Commission, 2005, Executive Summary). Though any adverse economic shock will have the impact on the employment and the consumption levels, higher levels of debts will make the conditions worse. â€Å"The excessive debt may still induce greater precau tionary saving and a larger drop in consumption. Overall, it is hard to tell whether higher debt levels will generate a significant additional cut back in consumption which cannot be modified by easier monetary policy†2. The second argument is based on the possibility that the there may be a cut in the consumption due to the sudden realization of the debtors about the real interest on the debts and their extent of exposure to the debts in spite of their efforts to reduce the level of debts. This will create severe macro economic problems leading to large scale adjustments in the monetary policies. However this argument is countered by indicating that the inexperience of the secured debt holders being young and there may be occasions that these people may behave in an irrational way to reduce the consumption.But such phenomenon can not be identified with a majority of debts. 3. The third argument was based on the fear that with more number of people the more will be the trouble when there is a collapse in the housing market. This fear has become true presently with housing boom bubble exploding. â€Å"If house prices fall by 30 or 40 per cent, more people with mortgages means more people in negative equity. Of course, the consequences of this depend to some extent on the behaviour of lenders.If the mortgage debt continues to be treated as secured, even though some is not, then debt service costs remain unchanged. So a lot will then depend on the collateral damage associated with the collapse in the housing market and what caused it in the first place. The issue is, if some disaster happens in the housing market, does the fact that more people have mortgages make the consequences very much worse? So much worse, indeed, that monetary policy should be used to discourage individuals from taking out mortgages. † 2. 3 DIFFICULTIES OF CONSUMERS BECAUSE OF DEBT CREATION – AN OVERVIEWAccording to a research conducted by R3 – the Association of Business Recovery Professionals one out of six consumers find it difficult to manage the repayment of their secured loans and credit card payments. â€Å"Of those struggling the most with their day-to-day finances, 21 per cent of respondents were reported to have encountered debt problems as a result of becoming ill, with a third (33 per cent) highlighting redundancy as the source of their monetary difficulties. † (Secured Loan News) Educational loans taken for higher studies form a major proportion of debts to be repaid by the 50 percent people in the age group of 18 – 24 years.The same is the case with one third of the people in the age group of 25 – 34 years still struggling to settle the loans taken for their educational purposes. A study carried out by Abbey in early 2007 showed that the British consumers had to pay ? 48. 7 billion by way of unexpected bills and charges over the previous year. On an average 79 percent of the British people have spent money on unbudgeted things and the average cost of such spending is estimated at ? 1375. Some of the issues identified with the debt creation in the UK are:? The personal lending figures stood at ? 1,318 billion as of July 2007 signifying that the British consumers are indebted on an average twice as the citizens of other European Countries. The people with serious debt management problem are estimated at 7 to 9 million Britons. ? A majority of the people have no savings or definite plans for savings to meet any unexpected future expenditure. A proportion of less than 50 percent of the people only have made adequate provisions for meeting the exigencies of a drop in their income level or other serious financial difficulties.? Some important statistics indicate that a substantial proportion of the population suffer from serious financial worries and resultant stress due to the increase of their debt burden. These statistics show that â€Å"74% of British couples find money the most diffi cult subject to talk about; 32% lie to their partners about how much they spend on credit cards; 35% are kept awake at night worrying about their finances†. ? According to the estimate from Bank of England around 50 percent of the people who have identified their debts as a serious burden on them belong to the lower income groups.It is the case with those people who live in the housing provided by the loca authorities are likely to live in debt burden at two times the average person has. ? Debts being burdensome on their own are also responsible for several other social problems and debt and these problems are interdependent on each other in terms of their cause and effect. Groups of people like those out of work, school dropouts, people from single parent families or unemployed parents are more likely to have serious debt management problems. 2. 4 REASONS FOR DEBT CREATION Consumers obtain loans for different purposes.Similarly people in different income groups and different strata of life opt for secured and unsecured loans for various purposes depending on their life styles and needs for different purposes. The main reasons cited for increase in the debts of the consumers is the increased availability of the loans, overspending and the desire to ‘buy instantly’ doing major purchases like purchase of cars or spending on a foreign vacation. The debt management problems of majority of the British consumers have arisen due to these and other reasons most of which are emotional spending.However why people get into serious debt problem is a very complicated question to find the answers there for. Though there are several factors responsible for leading the consumers to severe debt problems the following are some of the major causes that create a ‘debt trap’ for the British consumers: 2. 4. 1EASY AVAILABILITY OF DEBT: In recent years the economy of the country was doing extremely well resulting in lower rates of inflation, low inter est rates and low levels of unemployment.This economic buoyancy there had been an increased demand for the credit and the cost of such credit was low. The highly competitive financial services industry had been innovative to find many a number of products to suit the needs of various strata of people. â€Å"Today over 400 mainstream financial institutions compete fiercely to satisfy consumer demand. † (Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach) In this background it can be said that the easy availability of credit was the main reason for the creation of more debts by the average consumer.2. 4. 2 DIFFERENT TACTICS OF THE LENDERS TO ATTRACT THE PEOPLE Although the banks do not explicitly solicit or lure the vulnerable people to sell their financial services products, the products themselves have been so designed in addition to the lending practices of the banks to target the vulnerable people. Such practices include â€Å"aggressive marketing; a lack of transparency in calculating the cos t of borrowing; undue care in lending and a lack of data-sharing. † (Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach)Though it cannot be said that the banks and other lending institutions purposely target the vulnerable people â€Å"customers are often enticed into over-borrowing with disastrous consequences; research evidence suggests there is a strong correlation between serious indebtedness, drug and alcohol addictions and family breakdown. † (Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach) This often leads to a situation where the vulnerable people stand the chances of more likely to get into serious debt problems. 2. 2. 3 LOW FINANCIAL CAPABILITIESIt is observed out of a poll conducted in the year 2004 that 33 percent of the people in the UK are not confident enough to handle money issues and only 30 percent of them even knew the basic interest calculations which forms the basis financial intelligence. If this is kind of financial knowledge that an average British consumer has then there is no doubt that such people may not be in a position to make sound financial decisions concerning their personal finances including availing of secured and unsecured loans.Such lack of financial knowledge will make them drown in serious financial struggle as a result of unmanageable debts they have contracted. 2. 4. 4 LACK OF SAVING CULTURE: The trend of today’s Britain is ‘buy now and pay later’ as against the traditional way of living of saving money to buy assets. This has seriously disturbed the saving habit of the people over the period of time. In the current scenario more than 50 percent of the British pensioners make a cut on their other needs to settle their annual fuel bills.The decline in the habit of saving is one of the main reasons for the increased debt problems. Unless the saving habit of the people change drastically the situation of debt problems is likely to grow into greater magnitude. 2. 4. 5 MATERIALISTIC ATTITUDE OF THE MODERN SOCIETY The attitude of the society towards borrowing and its effects on life has considerably changed over the last few decades. Credit is no more considered as dangerous as it was perceived once upon a time. Now it is considered as more neutral and beneficial to the society.With this change in the attitude people have become more materialistic to obtain loans to buy the things irrespective of the need for such things in their lives. This is evident from the buying habits of British consumers exhibited in the following section. In one of the surveys conducted by Abbey, the financial service provider, it is learnt that â€Å"Britons have spent more than ? 169 billion on items that they rarely, if at all, use. Overall the average consumer has paid out some ? 3,685 through unnecessary objects, which could consequently impact upon their ability to handle their day-to-day finances.† (Secured Loan News) The survey also revealed that half of all consumers own an expensive clothing item which they wear on ly occasionally and over 35 percent of them have unworn shoes. â€Å"However, women were reported to be driving pointless fashion spending. Some 58 per cent of females were said to have unused garments, with this figure falling to 45 per cent for footwear. Meanwhile, spending on such products accounted for 45 and 23 per cent respectively among men. † (Secured Loan News)Electronic items, computer game console or video cameras and cooking equipments, repeated purchase of fine china items, exercise equipments, beauty gadgets that are not frequently used are some of the other items on which the British consumers spend their money and create debts for themselves. â€Å"However, financial problems could be particularly increased for those 288,000 people who have bought a second home in Britain which they claim to make little use of, which as a result may see them to struggle to make secured loan repayments. † (Secured Loan News) 2. 5 LEVEL OF CONSUMER CREDITThere has been a steady growth in the consumer lending in the period during the 1990s to early 2000s. But the growth has been sluggish after the climb in the last decade. According to the statistics released by Datamonitor â€Å"unsecured Loans and borrowing via other forms of consumer credit fell by 4. 5 per cent over the course of last year (2006) to ? 207. 8 billion†. (Secured Loan News) Maya Imberg the financial service analyst from Datamonitor says â€Å"A weaker labour market, combined with high consumer debts and weakened consumer confidence, meant that consumers cut down considerably on spending and aimed to repay more of their debts over 2006.† The study also indicated that the debt outstanding for an average customer stood at ? 4,522 in Consumer credit debt for the year 2006, which is against the ? 4,510 recorded for the year 2005. This outstanding debt figure was corroborated by the statistics released by the financial charity Credit Action which estimated the debt due by an average Briton at ? 4,550 by way of debts obtained on unsecured personal loans, credit cards, overdrafts and other forms of borrowing. This amount was estimated as at the end of March 2007.Credit Action has compiled the following statistics on the UK personal debt as on 1st of September 2007 which is alarming: ? â€Å"Total UK personal debt at the end of July 2007 stood at ? 1,355bn. The growth rate increased to 10. 1% for the previous 12 months which equates to an increase of ? 117bn. ? Total secured lending on homes at the end of July 2007 stood at ? 1,140bn. This has increased 11. 0% in the last 12 months. ? Total consumer credit lending to individuals in July 2007 was ? 214bn. This has increased 5. 3% in the last 12 months.? Total lending in July 2007 grew by ? 10. 3bn. Secured lending grew by ? 9. 2bn in the month. Consumer credit lending grew by ? 1. 1bn. ? Average household debt in the UK is ? 8,856 (excluding mortgages). This figure increases to ? 20,600 if the average is based on the number of households who actually have some form of unsecured loan. ? Average household debt in the UK is ? 56,000 (including mortgages). ? Average owed by every UK adult is ? 28,550 (including mortgages). This grew by ? 210 last month. ? Average outstanding mortgage for the 11.8m households who currently have mortgages is ? 96,560 ? Average interest paid by each household on their total debt is approximately ? 3,700 each year (this equates to 9% of take home pay). ? Average consumer borrowing via credit cards, motor and retail finance deals, overdrafts and unsecured personal loans has risen to ? 4,515 per average UK adult at the end of July 2007. ? Britain's personal debt is increasing by ? 1 million every 4 minutes. † (Credit Action) A pictorial representation of the growth in the UK personal debt is depicted below

Book Review Lets Fire All the Managers - 1033 Words

Already title is caching our attention : â€Å"First, Let s Fire All the Managers†. Intriguing start changes in the list of charges against the modern management system. The author is showing his critic for complicated system, where we have hundreds of managers in various level. He lists three main problems. As first is the costs of management which is very expensive. At second he shows that typical management hierarchy increases the risk of â€Å"calamitous† decisions with bad judgment. And as third multitiered management structure systematically disempowers lower-level employees. For all this three he is giving examples to make sure that readers will understand the problem. After that there is a lot of information about how this system is†¦show more content†¦Ofcourse employees need to feel free when they working no one like big pressure and stress on top of work. But if we going to say â€Å"Feel free†, probably their going to put their own targets first. If we gonna left them on their own, we will never be sure if they doing what they where asked for and don’t waste our time and money. The company creates an environment where people can manage themselves by making the main mission the boss and truly empowering people. Where everybody are on the same level, and every one are bosses. It is sounds like â€Å"One for all and all for one†. For sure one thing is good in system like that. It is much cheaper without managers which have to be paid bigger salary. Reading this article I started to thing that that was the main problem. And thet is why new system was invented. To save the money. In my point of viewself-management system is very intresting and very innovative. By the example of Morning Star company I can assume that it can work. Author is sure that is possible to improve this system in much bigger companies. And with that I can not agree. It can not work everywhere and with every person. It always depends on the place (where company is), kind of company, (it worked in a simple agricultural organization doesn’t mean it is gonna work at New York) and employees characters (there is always leading person and someone who only want to do his job) . References: Books: 1. Nic Peeling,Show MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Change By John P. Kotter1651 Words   |  7 Pageschange. This means reducing the emotions that block change and improve on the emotions that support change. The last step in the formula is to actually implement the change, with the help from the lessons we will soon review. These lessons consist of eight steps giving in the book, to ensure successful change is met and kept. 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